Alternatively activated macrophages in helminth infections

[Alternatively activated macrophages in helminth infections].

Macrophages not only initiate and modulate immune responses, but also are the final effector cells. Recent studies suggested that macrophages conventionally associated with IFN-gamma dominant Th1-type responses and also playing an essential role in the Th2-type inflammatory response, exhibit a quite different activation from the classically activated macrophages (CAM Phi) stimulated during Th1-...

Alternatively activated macrophages in intestinal helminth infection: effects on concurrent bacterial colitis.

The distribution of several pathogenic helminth infections coincides geographically with many devastating microbial diseases, including enteric bacterial infections. To dissect the mechanisms by which helminths modulate the host's response to enteric bacteria and bacteria-mediated intestinal inflammation, we have recently established a coinfection model and shown that coinfection with the helmi...

Concurrent Bacterial Colitis Intestinal Helminth Infection: Effects on Alternatively Activated Macrophages in

Alternatively activated macrophages in infection and autoimmunity.

Macrophages are innate immune cells that play an important role in activation of the immune response and wound healing. Pathogens that require T helper-type 2 (Th2) responses for effective clearance, such as parasitic worms, are strong inducers of alternatively activated or M2 macrophages. However, infections such as bacteria and viruses that require Th1-type responses may induce M2 as a strate...

Reprogrammed to Enable Microbial Killing by Helminth Infection Can Be Alternatively Activated Macrophages Elicited